Blogs & Articles: Inflation In A Hyperbitcoinized World đ 3 years ago
- Category: Blogs & Articles | allen farrington on Medium
- Author(s): allen farrington
- Published: 5th July 2021 09:28
a cheeky little brainstorm on the methodological individualism of price inflation and capital formation
photo by Sarah KurfeĂ, via Unsplash
OMG GUYS WE RECORDED OUR CLUBHOUSE FORÂ ONCE!
What a glorious moment for culture and humanity. Thanks to the good folks at Swan Bitcoin, Aleks Svetski and I spoke to Izabella Kaminska for some ridiculous amount of time until we all fell asleep at 2.15 am or so. Once we level up our competence yet again and turn it into a podcast, you will able to able to verify the following for yourselves, but for the time being you will have to trust me: Izzy said there could be inflation in a hyperbitcoinized world.
https://medium.com/media/d3046692f2a9fa332622605d4ac10516/href
And sheâs right.
https://medium.com/media/cb585b78a013fd9ebb18546df8ba9ea9/href
Calm down, maxis, calm down. Explaining why this is true sheds light on yet another of Bitcoinâs quasi-magical properties and paints our hyperbitcoinized future an even rosier shade of orange. This is good for Bitcoin.
I kinda thought Iâd explained this well enough in The Capital Strip Mine, but then again, itâs like, suuuuuuper long and people are busy, so Iâll try to keep this under a 10-minute read.
Narrator: he failed.
Inflationâââby virtue of being an economic phenomenonâââhas two different kinds of explanation: methodologically individualist ones and wrong ones.
The wrong one is the degenerate fiat economics trope we are witnessing in real-time as lumber go up yet number stay down. Iâm not going to waste any of your time explaining the machinations in which central bank economists are willing to engage to keep the number down because I also donât even really care. Itâs Brandoliniâs Law, once again, and I happen to simply not have orders of magnitude more energy than they do.
The methodologically individualist explanation requires an important distinction between price inflation and supply inflation. Central bankers are aware of this too, clearlyâââthe entire point of their machinations is to try to convince you the two have nothing to do with one another and everything is under control, because they think you are stupid.
But you arenât stupid, are you? You know that inflation of the money supply happens in fiat terms whenever a bank creates a loan ex-nihilo without ever writing off a previous credit asset (on a net basis) or when the central bank creates new reserves ex nihilo. You also know that this happens in Bitcoin never.
So what is Izzy talking about? Is she a useful idiot of the chattering classes, as I confessed in Clubhouse to once having called her?
No, Izzy is based AF. And sheâs not stupid either. She knows she is talking about price inflation: how much stuff costs. Can the price of stuff ever go up in a hyperbitcoinized world? Yes. Hereâs how.
To capture Izzyâs idea in degenerate fiatspeak we would say âan increase in velocity,â and itâs worth explaining exactly why this is so silly before describing the same thing in plain English. As Mises knew well, âvelocityâ is pretty stupid, and as Saylor has said of such other pretty stupid aggregates as âGDP growthâ and âCPI,â it is a metaphysical abstraction. It comes from Fischerâs Equation of Exchange from theQuantity Theory of Money, usually written simply as MV=PT.
Quantity theory of money - Wikipedia
This has the curious characteristic of not really being an equation but rather a tautology, a definition, and a destroyer of useful information. Itâs really quite bizarre. What it actually says is that âvelocityâ is defined as PQ/M, or everything bought in a year, times its price, divided by the money supply.
But were we minded to behave more like physicists (i.e. real scientists) than economists (i.e. not real scientists) we could do some cheeky dimensional analysis on this equation, and start off by leaving out V entirely. Letâs just call it â?â because it could be anything! Who knows? We might make a discovery!
so ?=PQ/M
now the dimension of âPâ is $ (the average price of all the stuff), and âMâ is also $ (the total amount of money), so they can cancel, but we will wait a moment before doing that.
âQâ is a super weird variable. It allegedly means âquantityââââas in, how many of the things were sold at the average price P that year? Why does that matter? It seems dimensionless so it really doesnât (the Wikipedia page above is unintentionally hilarious on trying to explain this away, by the way) but actually what it is really there for is âthat year,â meaning it gives us the dimensions of 1/time, as in, how many per year? So P*Q becomes: how much $ was spent on stuff in a year?
Dividing by M leaves us just with 1/time for â?â or âhow many [of something] per year?ââââhow many of what?
Believe it or not there isnât really an answer that refers to the real world, despite all the inputs being (apparently) real. The problem is we have multiplied up an average, apparently solely for the sake of dimensional consistency, then divided it by something of the same units but to which it bears no real-world relation. What is left over for â?â to âexplainâ is âhow many times did the average dollar get spent?â Letâs call that âvelocityâ because why not. It sounds like itâs about speed. Itâs not a vector but we are well past any of this making sense, so who cares.
âVelocityâ has been tautologically defined (yippee!) but it tells us absolutely nothing because there is no âaverage priceâ and hence there is no âaverage dollar.â The average dollar is a metaphyiscal abstraction, or, to quote Mises, âlol, what? velocity? you serious, brah?â
All this averaging and abstracting obscures that all of this happens across time. What is being captured here is dynamic, but the equation of exchange implies, without ever being too explicit, that these quantities just exist as features of the universe. The degenerate fiat economist would say âvelocity went upâ when what he really meant was, âpersons x, y, and z made decisions to spend more for reasons a, b, and c.â
Or, crucially, if asked to explain âinflationâ any attempt will be next to incomprehensible. Letâs evaluate the options:
Velocity went up: meaningless.
Quantity went down: huh? No seriously, what does this mean? Here we finally pay for the mistake of including a variable that does nothing beyond throw â1/timeâ into the mix to balance the dimensions but otherwise has no clear way to be understood in real terms.
Money supply went up: sounds appealing at first glance, but, for example, does this mean state money increased or bank money? Credit or equity? If unbacked credit has been created ex nihilo, as fiat bankers are wont to do, how do we distinguish this from velocity? Is it even possible to hold velocity constant and point purely to the money supply? Doesnât that require some even more confusing offset somewhere else? The mind, it boggles âŠ
Price level went up: wait, what? Isnât that exactly what we are asking? Yes, but it gets even more confusing because âPâ is âthe average price,â which tells us absolutely nothing if we want to know about a specific price.
Letâs scrap this nonsense and go with the Farrington Theory of Price instead, which I just made up right this moment:
Price = Money spent on stuff / Stuff available to be bought
This is consciously descriptive of the aggregate level of âstuff,â such that â-price might give some useful measure of âinflation,â but, unlike the Fischer waddayacallit above, we can easily translate this to the price of an individual good or service:
Price of good = Money spent on that good / Amount of that good available to be bought
This has the benefit of being both simpler and more accurate in terms of what it captures. Itâs a gloriously elegant model. Itâs basically science. It may even be The Scienceâą.
This now ties back very nicely to my (much longer) explanation in The Capital Stripe Mine. Given (price) inflation is not a metaphysical abstraction but comes from individuals making decisions and acting, it is now pretty clear what decisions and actions lead to inflation: when the money being spent on a good goes up or when the amount of that good available goes down.
Notice this is saying very little more than: either demand went up or supply went down. This is a very good sign given thatâs literally all of economics in one sentence. The tiny bit more it is saying helpfully hints at why either or both of these has happened.
The merchant will have a window of time in which she expects to sell the amount in her inventory before then expecting to restock. If she gets through her stock faster than this, and still has more inquiries she cannot meetâââor if she has the same number of inquiries but gets through her stock quicker because there was less to begin with, then she will decideâââshe will actâââto increase prices to boost her margins, boost her returns, and better clear the market. And there you have it, price inflation. Customers decided, for reasons, to buy more stuff, and the merchant decided, for reasons, to raise prices. Methodological individualism 1, metaphysical abstractions 0.
I mentioned above that the Fischer waddayacallit gets very confused about the different kinds of money supply growth. We can now be a little more specific because the Farrington Theory of Price doesnât address this either. Is this a flaw in my Nobel-(memorial)-worthy theory?
Lol. Of course not. The difference is the Fischer equation pretends to capture this, and then when you try to work through the implications of varieties of monetary inflation, you just end up confused. Mine doesnât even try because ⊠drumroll ⊠to the individual, it doesnât matter!
The merchant does not say to herself: âGee whizz, I sure would like to raise prices, boost margins, and increase returns, but I canât for the life of me tell if the money being spent on stuff faster than before has come from unbacked credit creation by banks, from central bank reserve creation, from customers dipping into their savings, from my competitors going out of business, or some combination of all four or possibly more! What a pickle!â
She just sees the change and reacts. This is a perfect example, incidentally, of the one sensible way in which markets can be considered âefficientâ: with respect to information. She doesnât need to know the answer because she has been given the pure, condensed signal of customer behavior, into which all the relevant information has been compressed. She knows how to act in response without needing to know why.
The Fischer equation has special difficulty with the final two options consideredâ dipping into savings and the competitive landscape shiftingâââbecause these are distinctly local events that cannot be explained within an aggregate or an average.
This all gets nicely to Izzyâs point. You absolutely can have inflation in a hyperbitcoinized world, and the Farrington Theory of Price makes it totally obvious why. There are two possible reasons:
Stuff bought goes down: not that interesting as likely indicative of a natural disaster, but for the sake of argument, letâs suppose we are in the wake of a credit crunch in which previously misallocated capital is being liquidated and less is being produced in the interim. This also wonât happen in a hyperbitcoinized world, but just humor me, will ya?
Money spent goes up: this is the trap.
https://medium.com/media/0222623071b38561a85c41ca578fb0f6/href
The terribly, terribly silly Bitcoiner answer here is to scream â21 MILLION!â until somebody calls the police for breaching the peace.
The sophisticated Bitcoiner will realize there are all sorts of reasons money spent could go up that, given they do not result from an expansion of the base money supply BECAUSE 21 MILLION YOU IDIOT, are worth thinking about more carefully to see what, if anything, they reveal.
Izzyâs idea was straightforward enough and I alluded to it above: people start to dip into their savings to spend. For any confused not-quite-bitcoiner readers, âsavingsâ is an antiquated concept whereby you earn money and then donât spend it. No seriously, you just donâtâââyou leave it alone and then you have the option to spend it in the future. No seriously, because in a hyperbitcoinized world there wonât be a bottomless pit of consumer credit so if you want the option to spend in the future you will have to âsave.â It basically means ânot-spend-right-now,â but it has fewer letters and syllables.
But actually, patterns of investment could affect this dynamic in a more complicated way. Bitcoin TINA and I (and implicitly Saifedean Ammous too but weâve never all talked about it together) have a fascinating disagreement about to what extent, if any, credit will exist on a Bitcoin standard. TINA thinks none, I think some, but neither of us can prove it, obviously, so we just have to yell at each other in Clubhouse while we wait and see. We did so in Izzyâs episode. It was đ„.
In any case, credit would be the easiest-to-understand version of my following point but is by no means the only one that works. Imagine literally any temporally discordant boost in capital investment. Perhaps this could also just be a more roundabout version of âdipping into savings.â People snap out of their scroogey miserdom and realize that if we just rely on deflationary money to provide for us we will literally all starve and die within a week or two, and they shift their liquid capital into illiquid capital accumulation.
You donât even really need to think about this too hard. That investment could go towards all kinds of things: likely mostly novel capital goods, but also real estate, wages, financing services (bankers need a cut too, obvs), which will quickly filter to regular people looking to consume (or âsaveâ [spits on ground]). By any number of channels which, as good methodological individualists we donât need to pretend to understand, money spent will go up. Merchants will react in order to maximize their returns. Inflation. Boo! hiss! Bitcoin is deflationary! 21 million! 21 MILLLLIIIIIIIIOOOOOOOON!!! đĄ
https://medium.com/media/6a0aa6171850c7ec451b77392877aff0/href
Just wait! What happens next is keyâââand unfortunately spoils what I thought was the most interesting bit of the entire podcast, besides Izzyâs musings on the future of biowarfare. Donât quit before you get to that part, fo sho.
What happens next invitesâââarguably demandsâââclarity on the typical capital structure post-hyperbitcoinization. And this is where TINAâs and my disagreement really becomes clear as rather more aesthetic than practically consequential.
If there is debt in such a world, there is a very, very small amount, at least relative to now. So with either zero debt or very little debt, entrepreneurs will be in a position to react to these price signals with maximal flexibility. Contrast this to degenerate fiat finance in which the answer to every question is, more unbacked credit.
Stock market volatility? More unbacked credit. Repo market liquidity crunch? More unbacked credit. Too much unbacked credit? More unbacked credit. Tea or coffee? More unbacked credit.
Enders Game - Unchained Capital
But in a hyperbitcoinized world, the answer will be ⊠well ⊠I frankly have no idea because it will emerge from methodologically individualist entrepreneurs acting from flexible balance sheets and no-longer-politically-misaligned incentives.
But one thing I can say relatively confidently is that any âinflationâ will be short-lived. It will only serve to reflect some unexpected change in economic reality that it requires a reallocation of capital to satisfy. But unlike in degenerate fiat finance, it will not either be the product of, or itself be, permanentized inflation from unbacked credit that will never be redeemed. It will actually be healthy inflation đ± because the underlying money/stuff situation will be real and will demand it.
In the moment, that is. In anything longer than the very, very short (basically instantaneous) run, entrepreneurs will deflate it away again with effective capital allocation that identifies, responds to, and improves upon this new reality.
This all provides yet another, far more roundabout and conceptual route to explain the idiocy of âvelocity.â To the extent the variable means anything at all, it is entirely endogenous and has no causal import. So, it emerges from a range of other behavior, and doesnât then affect any behavior. To take it seriously is to be deeply confused.
But what else is new? The end. Listen to the podcast when it comes out. Peace and Love.
follow me on Twitter @allenf32